"This is my commandment: love one another as I love you"

Major International Catholic Charitable Organizations: Mission, Activities, and Global Reach

Introduction

The charitable work undertaken by the Catholic Church represents one of the largest and most enduring non-governmental networks of social service provision in the world. Rooted in the core principles of Catholic Social Teaching (CST)—emphasizing the inherent dignity of every human person, the importance of solidarity, the pursuit of the common good, and responsible stewardship of resources—these efforts manifest globally through a diverse array of organizations.1 From vast international confederations coordinating aid across continents to specific religious orders focusing on niche areas like refugee support or healthcare, and down to the countless small-scale projects run by local parishes, the scope of Catholic charity is immense.4

This report provides a detailed overview of six prominent international Catholic charitable organizations selected for their significant global presence and operational scale: Caritas Internationalis, Catholic Relief Services (CRS), Aid to the Church in Need (ACN), Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS), the Society of St. Vincent de Paul (SSVP), and Malteser International. The analysis draws upon publicly available information, including official organizational websites and annual reports, to profile each entity's mission, key activities, geographical reach, notable projects, organizational structure, and funding mechanisms. It is important to note that quantifying the total global impact of Catholic charitable work remains challenging due to the decentralized nature of many initiatives, particularly those operating at the parish or diocesan level which may not be captured in the figures of larger international bodies.4 Nonetheless, the organizations profiled here represent a substantial and vital component of the Church's global commitment to serving those in need.

Profiles of Major International Catholic Charities

I. Caritas Internationalis

• A. Overview and Mission

• Identity: Caritas Internationalis stands as a global confederation uniting 162 national Catholic organizations dedicated to relief, development, and social services.1 Formally established on December 12, 1951, and headquartered within Vatican City at Palazzo San Callisto 8, it represents one of the most extensive humanitarian networks worldwide. Its scale is significant, recognized as the second-largest international humanitarian aid network globally, surpassed only by the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.8

• Mission Drivers: The driving force behind Caritas Internationalis is its grounding in Catholic faith; it is often described as the "helping hand of the Church".1 Its stated purpose encompasses humanitarian aid, international development, social service provision, and advocacy.8 The organization's mission directly reflects the social mission and core values of the Catholic Church, particularly the principles of dignity, solidarity, and stewardship, exercised on behalf of the world's most vulnerable populations.1 A fundamental aspect of its operation is the commitment to serve individuals regardless of their race or religion, striving to build a world founded on justice and fraternal love.1

• Guiding Principles: The work of Caritas Internationalis is guided by profound moral and spiritual principles centered on human dignity, justice, solidarity, and stewardship.1 These principles inform its approach, which aims not only to alleviate immediate suffering but also to empower individuals, helping every person achieve their inherent potential.1

• B. Key Activities and Programs

• Core Areas: The primary work of Caritas Internationalis focuses on three interconnected pillars: responding effectively to emergencies, including natural disasters and conflicts; promoting integral human development through long-term initiatives; and advocating globally for a more just and equitable world.1 Its overarching goal is to tackle poverty, promote justice, and restore dignity to those affected by crisis and marginalization.2

• Specific Programmatic Focus: Caritas Internationalis and its member organizations engage in a wide range of activities across various sectors:

• Emergency Response: Coordinated centrally from its Rome headquarters 1, Caritas is renowned for its rapid response capability, often being present on the ground before crises fully erupt due to its extensive network.1 It has been actively involved in numerous major emergencies, including the ongoing conflicts in Sudan, the Holy Land, and Ukraine, the 2025 Myanmar earthquake, the 2023 Turkey-Syria earthquake, the 2021 Haiti earthquake, and protracted crises in South Sudan, Syria, and Venezuela.2 Emergency activities typically involve providing essential necessities like food, water, shelter, and medical aid.9 In 2022 alone, Caritas Internationalis supported 31 distinct emergency interventions through its pooled funding mechanism, directly assisting over 2 million people.11

• Development Cooperation: Beyond immediate relief, Caritas invests significantly in long-term development programs aimed at addressing the root causes of poverty and crisis.9 This includes promoting integral human development 10, fostering social cohesion within communities 9, and building resilience to climate change. A notable example is a project in Ethiopia (launched 2023) focusing on soil restoration, reforestation with economically beneficial trees (fruit, fodder), promoting fuel-efficient stoves, and establishing women's self-help groups for savings, loans, and income generation.10

• Food Security: Combating hunger and malnutrition is a critical area. Caritas actively works on food security initiatives, with a particular focus on regions facing severe crises, such as the Sahel and the Horn of Africa.2 Its response during the COVID-19 pandemic included supporting communities whose food systems and livelihoods were disrupted, for instance, in India.13

• Health & HIV: Addressing health challenges, including the fight against HIV/AIDS, forms part of Caritas's portfolio, although specific examples are less detailed in the provided materials compared to emergency response.2

• Migration & Human Trafficking: Caritas provides support to migrants and refugees and actively works against human trafficking.2 Some national members, like Caritas Belgium, run specific programs for the protection and integration of unaccompanied foreign minors and facilitate resettlement processes.9

• Advocacy: Caritas Internationalis plays a significant role in global advocacy, formulating development policy recommendations 1 and representing the voice of the poor and vulnerable in international forums. Key advocacy areas have included calls for equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines and temporary patent waivers, debt cancellation for developing nations, enhanced climate action (e.g., at COP26), and improvements in global food systems (e.g., at the UN Food Systems Summit).12 It consistently advocates for peace, human rights, and social cohesion, particularly concerning protracted crises in regions like Syria, the Central African Republic, Myanmar, Venezuela, and the Sahel.12 Global campaigns, such as "Share the Journey" (focused on migration) and the current "Together We" campaign (launched 2021, focusing on integral ecology inspired by papal encyclicals Laudato Si' and Fratelli Tutti), mobilize the network for collective action and awareness.9

• C. Global Reach and Operational Scope

• Presence: The Caritas confederation boasts an extraordinary global presence, operating through its 162 member organizations in over 200 countries and territories worldwide.7 Its structure ensures activity across all major global regions: Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America & the Caribbean, the Middle East & North Africa (MENA), North America, and Oceania [8 (provides extensive list of national members per region), 1].

• Scale: As one of the world's largest non-governmental aid networks 4, Caritas commands significant operational scale. While precise, up-to-date global expenditure figures are complex to aggregate due to the confederation model, earlier estimates placed annual spending by affiliates between £2 billion and £4 billion, figures that likely underestimate the total effort by excluding numerous related Catholic initiatives.4 The confederated structure is a key operational strength, enabling a rapid, localized response capacity as member organizations are typically already embedded in communities when crises strike.1 The organization marked its 70th anniversary in 2021, celebrating decades of commitment.9

• D. Notable Projects and Impact (Illustrative Examples)

• Ukraine Response: Since the full-scale invasion, Caritas has mounted a massive response both within Ukraine and in neighboring countries, providing essential aid, shelter, psychosocial support, and other services to millions of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and refugees.2

• Myanmar Earthquake Response (2025): Following the devastating earthquake, Caritas quickly mobilized its network to provide emergency relief, including medical care, water, and supplies to affected communities.2

• Ethiopia Climate Resilience Project (2023): This ongoing project exemplifies Caritas's development work, combining environmental action (soil restoration, reforestation) with social empowerment (women's self-help groups) to build long-term resilience against climate change impacts.10

• Haiti Earthquake Response (Post-2021): Caritas provided immediate life-saving aid (food, water, shelter) to approximately 14,000 people following the 2021 earthquake and subsequently focused on longer-term recovery, including rebuilding homes and installing water infrastructure.9

• COVID-19 Response Fund: Established in 2020, this fund mobilized approximately €3.8 million over two years, supporting 44 projects across 40 countries. These projects reached an estimated 23.5 million people, addressing critical needs related to health, food security, and livelihoods impacted by the pandemic.12

• "Together We" Campaign: Launched in late 2021, this multi-year global campaign encourages Caritas members and communities worldwide to undertake activities focused on integral ecology – recognizing the interconnectedness of social justice and environmental protection, inspired by Laudato Si' and Fratelli Tutti.9

• E. Organizational Structure and Funding Insights

• Structure: Caritas Internationalis operates as a confederation of autonomous national Caritas organizations.8 The General Secretariat, located in Vatican City, serves as the central coordinating body for international emergency responses, policy development, and global advocacy efforts.1 National member organizations belong to both their respective regional Caritas networks (e.g., Caritas Africa, Caritas Asia) and the global confederation.1 The confederation adheres to a set of Management Standards designed to ensure quality and accountability across the network, covering areas like ethical codes, leadership, financial management, stakeholder participation, and safeguarding protocols.9 Notably, in November 2022, Pope Francis appointed a Temporary Administrator and Co-Administrator to guide a process of renewal, including reviewing statutes and regulations, in preparation for the confederation's General Assembly in 2023, signaling an effort towards reinvigorating its mission and potentially strengthening governance.11

• Funding: The funding structure mirrors the confederation model. Primary funding flows through the national member organizations, which raise funds within their own countries through various means, including public donations (like Lenten collections or specific emergency appeals), support from local dioceses, and, in many cases, grants from their national governments or international bodies (e.g., Caritas Belgium receives support from the Belgian Development Cooperation 9; Caritas Japan receives donations for specific crises like Ukraine, Gaza, and Turkey 15). The Caritas Internationalis Secretariat manages specific pooled funds, primarily for coordinating large-scale emergency appeals (e.g., mobilizing €81 million in 2022 11 and €21 million in 2021 12 through this mechanism).

• The confederation structure offers immense advantages in terms of global reach, leveraging established Church networks for immediate grassroots presence and local expertise.1 This decentralized model embodies the Catholic principle of subsidiarity. However, this structure also presents inherent complexities. Compiling comprehensive, standardized global financial and impact data can be difficult compared to more centralized NGOs.4 Coordination across 162 independent members for large, multi-country responses may require significant effort, and mobilizing resources centrally can differ from organizations with unified global fundraising. The 2022 intervention by the Vatican 11 may reflect an ongoing effort to find the optimal balance between the autonomy of national members and the need for effective global coordination, strategic alignment, and robust governance within such a large and diverse network.

• Caritas's identity as the "helping hand of the Church" 1 underscores its deep integration within local Catholic Church structures worldwide.10 This provides unparalleled access, community trust, and operational infrastructure in many regions, particularly where the Church has a long-standing presence. This close relationship facilitates its grassroots approach.1 Simultaneously, this means its operations and perception can sometimes be closely tied to the standing and relationships of the local Catholic Church within a specific country or community. Its explicit Catholic identity 1 is central to its mission and ethos.

II. Catholic Relief Services (CRS)

• A. Overview and Mission

• Identity: Catholic Relief Services (CRS) serves as the official international humanitarian and development agency of the Catholic community in the United States.3 Its origins trace back to 1943 when the U.S. Catholic Bishops established it (initially as War Relief Services) to aid survivors of World War II in Europe.3

• Mission Statement: CRS's formal mission is "to assist impoverished and disadvantaged people overseas, working in the spirit of Catholic social teaching to promote the sacredness of human life and the dignity of the human person".3 Its work is fundamentally motivated by the example of Jesus Christ and aims to alleviate suffering, provide sustainable development assistance, and actively foster charity and justice globally.3

• Guiding Principles: A core operational principle is providing assistance based solely on need, without regard to race, religion, or ethnicity, despite its mission being rooted in Catholic faith.3 CRS also plays a role within the United States by engaging American Catholics, encouraging them to live their faith through solidarity with the poor and suffering worldwide.3 The organization identifies as a pro-life entity, dedicated to preserving the sacredness and dignity of human life from conception to natural death, ensuring this value permeates all its activities.3 While partnering with diverse groups (governments, other faiths, secular institutions), CRS maintains that all its collaborative activities remain fully consistent with Catholic teaching.3

• B. Key Activities and Programs

• Core Areas: CRS implements a wide array of programs encompassing emergency relief and recovery, long-term development initiatives (with strong focuses on agriculture, education, health, microfinance, and water security), efforts in justice and peacebuilding, and strengthening the capacity of local partners.16 The agency emphasizes the use of Information and Communication Technology for Development (ICT4D) to enhance program quality and reach, and maintains robust systems for Monitoring, Evaluation, Accountability, and Learning (MEAL) to ensure effectiveness and impact.17

• Specific Programmatic Focus:

• Emergency Response: CRS provides critical aid during humanitarian crises, often utilizing innovative approaches like cash and voucher assistance, which empower recipients to purchase needed goods while simultaneously stimulating local markets.16 The agency actively responds to global hunger needs, partly funded through its domestic CRS Rice Bowl campaign 16, and engages in responses to specific emergencies like the situation in Gaza and advocates regarding the impact of potential aid cuts.16 Emergency response constituted the largest portion of CRS program expenses in Fiscal Year (FY) 2023, totaling $815.8 million (54.87% of program spending).18

• Agriculture: Programs focus on helping smallholder farmers organize, improve techniques, and build sustainable agricultural businesses. An example includes supporting beekeepers in Senegal to enhance local livelihoods.16 FY2023 Expenses: $107.1 million (7.20%).18

• Education: CRS works to expand access to high-quality education, particularly for marginalized children and those affected by conflict or displacement. This includes initiatives like Child Support Centers in northern Iraq, providing safe learning and healing environments.16 FY2023 Expenses: $111.1 million (7.47%).18

• Health: The agency addresses underlying causes of poor health and works to strengthen local health systems.17 Programs often focus on critical areas like Maternal and Newborn Health (MNH), including innovative emergency transport solutions like modified motor tricycle ambulances piloted in Ghana through the ACERS project.20 FY2023 Expenses: $286.1 million (19.24%).18

• Water Security/WASH (Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene): CRS implements projects to improve access to safe water, sanitation facilities (latrines), and hygiene education, often integrating these activities into health and education programs, such as WASH initiatives in schools and healthcare facilities in Ghana.16 FY2023 Expenses: $13.2 million (1.89%).18

• Microfinance/Small Enterprise Development: CRS facilitates the creation of community-based savings and internal lending groups (SILC), empowering poor communities to build financial resilience and access capital.17 FY2023 Expenses: $5.9 million (0.40%).18

• Justice & Peacebuilding: Programs address the root causes of social exclusion, conflict, and inequity, aiming to foster peace and reconciliation within communities.17 FY2023 Expenses: $35.2 million (2.37%).18

• Partnership & Capacity Strengthening: A key strategy involves strengthening local institutions and partners, enabling communities to lead their own development processes.17 FY2023 Expenses: $23.9 million (1.60%).18

• C. Global Reach and Operational Scope

• Presence: CRS has a vast global reach. Since its founding, it estimates having assisted over 200 million people.3 In FY2023 alone, the agency reported reaching 210 million people through its services, collaborating with 1,883 local partners across 121 countries spanning five continents.19 Generally, CRS maintains operations in over 100 countries.3 It is recognized as one of the largest international NGOs globally.21

• Scale: The organization's significant operational scale is evident in its financial figures. In FY2023, CRS reported total revenues of approximately $1.46 billion and total expenses of approximately $1.49 billion.18 Figures for FY2022 were comparable, with revenues of $1.46 billion and expenses of $1.42 billion.18

• D. Notable Projects and Impact (Illustrative Examples)

• CRS Rice Bowl: This is a signature Lenten fundraising and faith-formation program conducted annually within the U.S. Catholic community. It raises awareness about global hunger and poverty while collecting funds to support CRS projects worldwide.16 In FY2023, it generated $7.9 million in revenue.18

• ACERS Project (Ghana): The "Developing Acute Care and Emergency Referral Systems" project represents a significant investment in strengthening rural health infrastructure. In partnership with Ghana's National Ambulance Service (NAS), CRS established the country's first Rural Emergency Dispatch Centers and utilized innovative modified motor tricycle ambulances, significantly improving access to emergency maternal and newborn care for tens of thousands.20

• Child Support Centers (Iraq): In response to displacement caused by conflict, CRS partnered to run centers offering displaced children safe environments for play, learning, and psychosocial support, aiding their recovery and healing.17

• Agricultural Support (Senegal): Projects like supporting beekeepers demonstrate CRS's commitment to enhancing agricultural livelihoods and income generation in rural communities.17

• Go FAR Campaign: This major five-year capital campaign, concluding in 2023, successfully exceeded its fundraising targets, providing significant resources for CRS programs.19

• COVID-19 Response: CRS actively adapted its programs and implemented specific responses to address the health and socio-economic impacts of the global pandemic in the communities it serves.20

• E. Organizational Structure and Funding Insights

• Structure: CRS operates under the governance of a Board of Directors, which includes clergy members (predominantly bishops elected by the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops - USCCB) as well as religious and Catholic lay men and women.3 It functions as the official international humanitarian arm of the U.S. Catholic community.3 The agency employs both Catholics and individuals of other faiths.3 CRS is also a prominent member organization within the global Caritas Internationalis confederation.7

• Funding: CRS possesses a diverse and substantial funding base. In FY2023, the majority of its revenue (80.5%, totaling $1.176 billion) came from Public Support, while Private Support accounted for 19.5% ($284 million).18

• Public Support is dominated by grants from the U.S. Government (USG), amounting to $521 million in FY23, and substantial contributions of donated non-financial assets (valued at $493 million, likely consisting primarily of food aid and other commodities from programs like Food for Peace). Other public grants contributed an additional $161 million.18

• Private Support includes significant contributions from individual donors ($167 million), grants from foundations and other private entities ($66 million), bequests ($36 million), and funds raised through specific initiatives like the CRS Rice Bowl ($8 million) and the national CRS Collection in U.S. parishes ($7 million).18

• Efficiency: CRS emphasizes and maintains rigorous standards for operational efficiency, accountability, and transparency.3 In FY2024, 93% of its operating expenses were allocated directly to program services.3 The FY2023 figures show 94% of total expenses ($1.398 billion) dedicated to program services, with the remaining 6% ($88.6 million) covering supporting services (Management and General: 3.39%; Public Awareness: 0.60%; Fundraising: 1.97%).18 CRS meets all 20 standards of the BBB Wise Giving Alliance, holds an "A+" rating from CharityWatch, and is recognized by Forbes as a top U.S. charity.22

• The significant proportion of funding derived from the U.S. Government is a defining characteristic of CRS's operational model.18 This partnership enables CRS to implement programs on a massive scale, reaching millions more people than private donations alone would allow.19 However, reliance on government funding typically entails adherence to extensive compliance regulations and reporting requirements. It may also mean that program priorities are influenced, to some degree, by U.S. foreign policy objectives and funding allocations. While CRS explicitly affirms its commitment to operating consistently with Catholic teaching 3, navigating the requirements of large governmental donors while upholding Church principles represents a complex operational reality, a point occasionally noted in public discourse.7 This funding structure contrasts markedly with organizations like ACN, which deliberately eschew government funding.24

• CRS fulfills a unique dual mandate. Its primary focus is implementing large-scale humanitarian and development programs overseas.3 Concurrently, it actively engages the Catholic population within the United States, fostering solidarity and mobilizing support—both financial and spiritual—for its global mission.3 Initiatives like the CRS Rice Bowl 16 and the national collection 25 serve as direct conduits connecting U.S. Catholics with the needs of vulnerable communities around the world, reinforcing this domestic engagement role alongside its international operations.

III. Aid to the Church in Need (ACN)

• A. Overview and Mission

• Identity: Aid to the Church in Need (ACN) is an international Catholic organization specifically focused on pastoral aid. It has been recognized by the Holy See as a Pontifical Foundation since 2011.24 Its origins date back to 1947, when Father Werenfried van Straaten, a Dutch Norbertine priest, initiated a relief campaign to assist German priests and Catholic families displaced and suffering after World War II.24 Over time, its focus expanded globally to support Christians facing hardship.

• Mission Statement: ACN's core mission is "to help Christians across the globe, wherever they are persecuted or oppressed or suffer material hardships".24 This mission is pursued under the guiding principle of "information, prayer, and action".24 Beyond direct aid, ACN is also committed to promoting religious freedom and fostering reconciliation among different faiths.24 ACN frequently describes itself as the only international Catholic charity whose primary and specific dedication is to the pastoral and spiritual support of suffering, oppressed, and persecuted Christians worldwide.24 Its emphasis lies in keeping the flame of faith alive in places where it is most at risk, focusing significantly on the spiritual and religious needs of affected communities.24

• B. Key Activities and Programs

• Core Areas: ACN's activities center on providing pastoral and spiritual assistance to Christian communities facing persecution or dire need.24 Its key program areas reflect this focus: providing Mass stipends for priests, supporting the training of clergy and religious, offering "existence help" (basic material necessities), funding church construction and repair, supplying means of transport for pastoral work, delivering emergency aid, distributing Bibles and religious materials, supporting media apostolates, and undertaking advocacy work focused on religious freedom.24

• Specific Programmatic Focus:

• Support for Clergy and Religious: This is a cornerstone of ACN's work. It provides substantial support through Mass stipends, which are often the sole source of income for priests in impoverished or persecuted regions (supporting 40,730 priests in 2022 31; approximately 10% of priests worldwide rely on these stipends 32). ACN also funds the training of seminarians (supporting 13,836 in 2022, roughly one in every eight seminarians globally 31) and provides direct "existence help" for religious sisters facing hardship.26

• Construction and Infrastructure: A significant portion of ACN's budget is allocated to building and repairing essential Church infrastructure, including churches, chapels, convents, seminaries, and pastoral centers. In 2022, construction accounted for 24.2% of mission expenditure 31, rising to 26.8% in 2023, funding nearly 1,000 projects in that year.34 This reflects the need to rebuild damaged structures or establish places of worship in difficult environments.

• Pastoral Transport: Recognizing the challenges of ministry in remote or vast areas, ACN provides vehicles—cars, motorcycles, bicycles, boats, and buses—to priests and pastoral workers, enabling them to reach scattered communities (1,041 means of transport provided in 2022 35, and a similar number in 2023 34).

• Emergency Aid: ACN delivers emergency assistance in crisis situations, providing essentials like food, shelter, and medical aid, particularly focusing on Christian communities affected by conflict or disaster (e.g., significant aid to Ukraine, Syria, Lebanon, the Holy Land).29 This accounted for nearly 11% of expenses in 2023.34

• Information, Advocacy, and Evangelization: ACN actively works to inform the world about the plight of persecuted Christians through publications like its biennial "Persecuted and Forgotten?" report 33 and its comprehensive "Religious Freedom in the World" report.27 It advocates for the rights of suffering Christians 24 and supports evangelization efforts through the distribution of Bibles, catechisms (like YOUCAT), and other religious literature, as well as supporting Catholic media.24

• C. Global Reach and Operational Scope

• Presence: ACN operates on a global scale, providing support to projects in a large number of countries: 138 countries in 2023 33, 128 countries in 2022 35, and generally estimated at around 140-150 countries.26 The organization functions through a network structure, with its General Secretariat based in Königstein, Germany, and 23 national offices or sections worldwide responsible for fundraising and awareness within their territories.24 Its aid spans across all major regions, including Africa, Asia/Oceania, Latin America, the Middle East, and Europe.24

• Scale: ACN supports a substantial number of projects annually: 5,573 projects in 2023 33, 5,702 projects in 2022 31, and 5,298 projects in 2021.27 Its operational scale is reflected in its annual income, which reached approximately $209.8 million (€146 million) in 2023 34 and $156 million (€146 million) in 2022.31 This funding is generated through the generosity of hundreds of thousands of private benefactors globally (estimated close to 400,000 26, with over 364,000 donors in 2022 35; the US office notes 330,000+ donors worldwide 30).

• D. Notable Projects and Impact (Illustrative Examples)

• Support for Ukraine: Following the 2022 invasion, Ukraine became the single largest recipient country of ACN aid, receiving nearly €9.5 million ($10 million) across 353 projects in that year alone. This aid focused on supporting priests, religious sisters, seminarians, and Church workers ministering to refugees and those in desperate need amidst the conflict.31

• Middle East Assistance (Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Holy Land): ACN maintains a significant presence in the Middle East, providing critical support to Christian communities facing existential threats due to conflict, economic collapse, and persecution. Aid includes emergency relief (food, housing, medical care), support for Christian schools (especially in Lebanon), microcredit initiatives, and funding for the restoration of churches and community centers (e.g., a major parish center restoration in Iraq).26 The recent conflict in the Holy Land has also prompted emergency aid.34

• Africa Programs: Africa consistently receives the largest regional share of ACN funding (31.4% in 2023 34, 31.5% in 2022 35). Key beneficiary countries include the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Nigeria, and Burkina Faso 34, where ACN addresses needs arising from poverty, instability, and rising Islamic extremism targeting Christians.31 Construction projects are a major focus in the region.34

• "Persecuted and Forgotten?" Report: This regularly published report provides detailed analysis of the situation facing Christians in countries where they experience significant persecution or discrimination, serving as a key advocacy tool and information resource.33

• Mass Stipends Program: This remains one of ACN's largest and most distinctive programs, providing vital financial support to tens of thousands of priests globally through offerings made by benefactors for the celebration of Mass (nearly 1.9 million Mass stipends facilitated in 2022).31

• E. Organizational Structure and Funding Insights

• Structure: ACN is formally structured as a Pontifical Foundation within the Catholic Church.7 It is headed by an International Executive President and overseen by a President (currently Cardinal Mauro Piacenza).27 The operational headquarters, the General Secretariat, is located in Königstein, Germany.27 The foundation operates through a network of 23 national offices (also referred to as sections) in various countries across the globe. These national offices are primarily responsible for fundraising, benefactor relations, and raising awareness within their respective territories.24

• Funding: A defining feature of ACN's funding model is its exclusive reliance on private donations. The organization explicitly states that it does not accept funding from government agencies or public bodies.24 Its entire operational budget is sourced from the generosity of hundreds of thousands of individual benefactors, and potentially private foundations or groups, around the world.24 Total donations reached $209.8 million (€146 million) in 2023 34 and $156 million (€146 million) in 2022.31

• Efficiency: ACN reports on its allocation of funds annually. In 2023, 81.3% of total funds were directed to mission-related expenses. Of this, the vast majority (85.9%) funded direct aid projects in 138 countries, while the remainder (14.1%) supported information work, evangelization activities, and advocacy efforts. Essential administrative expenditures accounted for 7.3% of the total, and benefactor relations/outreach (fundraising) accounted for 11.4%.34 Figures for 2022 were similar, with 82.6% allocated to mission-related activities (project funding plus info/advocacy/evangelization), 6.7% to administration, and 10.7% to fundraising.31

• ACN's specific focus on persecuted and suffering Christians differentiates it within the broader landscape of Catholic charities.24 Its activities are heavily weighted towards pastoral and spiritual support (clergy aid, church building, religious materials) rather than large-scale secular development projects.31 The deliberate decision to refuse government funding 24 ensures its operational independence and allows it to maintain a sharp focus on its specific religious mission without potential conflicts arising from governmental priorities or restrictions. While this self-imposed limitation likely restricts its overall budget compared to agencies like CRS which leverage substantial public grants 18, it reinforces ACN's unique identity and appeal to its specific donor base.

• The organization actively cultivates a direct link between its benefactors and the recipients of aid, positioning itself as a "bridge" connecting those who wish to help with the concrete needs of the suffering Church.24 Programs like the Mass stipends program 31 exemplify this approach, allowing donors to direct their offerings for specific spiritual intentions to be fulfilled by priests in need. This model fosters a strong sense of personal connection and solidarity, aligning well with the spiritual motivations of its primarily Catholic donor base and emphasizing the religious dimension of its charitable work.28 The sheer volume of Mass stipends facilitated annually underscores the success and importance of this model within ACN's operations.31

IV. Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS)

• A. Overview and Mission

• Identity: The Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS) is an international Catholic organization founded within the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits). It was established in November 1980 by the then Jesuit Superior General, Father Pedro Arrupe SJ, in response to the humanitarian crisis of Vietnamese refugees fleeing their country after the war.7 Since March 2000, JRS has been officially registered as a foundation of the Vatican City State.43

• Mission Statement: JRS's mission is succinctly captured in its core mandates: to accompany, serve, and advocate on behalf of refugees and other forcibly displaced persons. This mission is inspired by the generous love and example of Jesus Christ, with the ultimate goal that those displaced "may heal, learn, and determine their own future".7

• Guiding Principles: Central to the JRS ethos is the concept of accompaniment – journeying alongside refugees, not just providing services, but offering presence, solidarity, and hope as a pathway towards healing, especially in a world often marked by rejection and indifference.42 JRS operates based on core values including Compassion, Hope, Dignity, Solidarity, Hospitality, Justice, and Participation.42 Its services are offered universally to displaced persons, irrespective of their race, ethnic origin, or religious beliefs.45 JRS envisions a world where displaced individuals can find protection, access opportunities, and participate fully in sustainable, just, and reconciled communities.41 Its approach is rooted in promoting actions based on justice and compassion, developed through dialogue between diverse cultures and faiths.41

• B. Key Activities and Programs

• Core Areas: JRS focuses its efforts primarily on four key programmatic areas: Education & Livelihoods, Mental Health & Psychosocial Support (MHPSS), Reconciliation, and Advocacy.40 In addition to these core areas, JRS also provides emergency relief and basic healthcare services, particularly in acute crisis situations.42

• Specific Programmatic Focus:

• Education & Livelihoods: This is a major focus, encompassing a wide spectrum of educational opportunities from early childhood learning to primary, secondary, and adult education. JRS also provides vocational training, language courses, and professional skills development to foster self-sufficiency and integration.40 There is a particular emphasis on quality teacher development, inspired by the Jesuit tradition of Ignatian pedagogy.49 The Global Education Initiative was launched to significantly expand JRS's educational reach.49 A concrete example is the JRS Telyani School in Bar Elias, Lebanon, serving Syrian students.48

• Mental Health & Psychosocial Support (MHPSS): JRS provides layered and complementary services to address the complex psychological and social needs of individuals and communities affected by displacement.40 This includes offering pastoral care and psychosocial support programs within detention centers and refugee camps.41 JRS has also invested in staff care, providing psychosocial support sessions for its own personnel working in high-stress environments, for instance, through a partnership with the KonTerra Group.50

• Reconciliation: In a spirit of hospitality, JRS works to promote right relationships, build social cohesion between displaced populations and host communities, and foster acceptance.40

• Advocacy: JRS actively advocates for the rights and protection of refugees and displaced persons at multiple levels. This includes engaging with policymakers (e.g., JRS/USA advocates before the U.S. Congress and government 41; JRS Europe engages with EU institutions 51) and raising public awareness through campaigns and projects like the CHANGE initiative, which educates European youth about the positive contributions of refugees.51

• Emergency Response: JRS mobilizes to provide essential humanitarian relief during acute crises, such as the conflict in Ukraine 50, the earthquakes in Syria and Afghanistan 50, and the conflict in Sudan.40 This often involves providing emergency assistance packages, shelter, and basic necessities.46

• Accompaniment and Pastoral Care: The principle of accompaniment is woven through all JRS activities. Specific programs include providing pastoral and religious assistance to non-citizens in detention centers (e.g., JRS/USA's Detention Chaplaincy Program 41) and JRS Europe's work visiting immigration detention centers across the continent.51

• C. Global Reach and Operational Scope

• Presence: JRS maintains a significant international presence, with active programs in 58 countries as of 2022/2023 41, an increase from earlier reports mentioning "over 50" countries.42 Its operations are organized through a network of regional offices covering Asia Pacific, Eastern Africa, Europe, Latin America & the Caribbean, the Middle East & North Africa, North America, South Asia, Southern Africa, and West Africa.40

• Scale: JRS programs reached over 1.2 million refugees and forcibly displaced people in 2023 47, following assistance to 1.5 million people in 2022.55 The organization employs a global workforce of nearly 9,000 individuals, including staff, contractors, religious workers, volunteers, and interns.44 Financially, JRS/USA reported revenues of $26.6 million in 2022.53 The global income for JRS (excluding JRS/USA, based on the 2023 annual report) was approximately $83.1 million.47

• D. Notable Projects and Impact (Illustrative Examples)

• Ukraine Crisis Response ("One Proposal"): This coordinated effort involving JRS Europe, the Xavier Network, and the wider Society of Jesus has provided comprehensive support—including emergency aid, shelter, MHPSS, education, and integration services—to over 100,000 Ukrainian refugees across Europe since the conflict began. The focus shifted during 2023 from immediate emergency relief towards longer-term integration support.50

• Global Education Initiative: Although launched prior to 2023, this major campaign aimed to significantly increase the number of refugees accessing JRS education programs (targeting an additional 100,000 participants) and raise $35 million to support this expansion, highlighting the centrality of education to JRS's mission.49 Education remains a key priority area.47

• CHANGE Project (Europe): This initiative focuses on shifting narratives by educating young people in schools about the positive aspects of migration and the contributions of refugees, encouraging critical thinking and local action.51

• Detention Visiting and Advocacy (Europe): JRS Europe maintains a long-standing commitment to visiting individuals held in immigration detention facilities, providing legal, pastoral, and psychosocial support, while simultaneously advocating for alternatives to detention based on the negative impacts witnessed.51

• Border and Detention Programs (USA): Through JRS/USA, programs like Caminar Contigo (in collaboration with Kino Border Initiative and others) provide accompaniment and support to asylum seekers and migrants at the U.S.-Mexico border, while the Detention Chaplaincy program offers pastoral care within detention facilities.41

• Engagement in Protracted Crises: JRS continues its long-term work in countries facing enduring displacement challenges, such as the Democratic Republic of Congo, Syria, Colombia, and Myanmar, providing sustained support through education, MHPSS, reconciliation, and livelihood programs.50

• E. Organizational Structure and Funding Insights

• Structure: JRS is an international Catholic organization intrinsically linked to the Society of Jesus (Jesuits), expressing the Order's global commitment to refugees.41 Its International Office, based in Rome 44, provides strategic guidance, resource mobilization, and coordination for the network of regional and country offices.56 Regional offices, such as JRS Europe in Brussels and JRS USA in Washington D.C., oversee operations within their respective geographic areas.56 JRS/USA operates as a distinct 501(c)(3) non-profit entity, which both funds global JRS projects and implements programs within the United States.41

• Funding: JRS relies on a diverse range of funding sources. Based on its 2023 global financial summary (excluding JRS/USA) 47, major contributors include Governments ($27.1 million), Jesuit sources ($13.5 million), other Religious organizations ($13.2 million), Foundations ($12.5 million), individual Households/donors ($11.7 million), and other Non-Profit organizations ($5.1 million). JRS/USA separately reported $26.6 million in revenue for 2022.53 Detailed financial statements are published annually.58

• The strong and foundational connection between JRS and the Society of Jesus permeates its identity and operational approach.41 This Jesuit charism likely influences its emphasis on discernment in responding to needs, its deep commitment to education (including specific pedagogical approaches like Ignatian pedagogy 49), the centrality of accompaniment, and its consistent advocacy for social justice. This heritage shapes the organization's internal culture, facilitates collaboration within the extensive global Jesuit network (evident in the Ukraine response 51), and may hold particular appeal for donors familiar with or supportive of Jesuit values and work.

• While JRS actively engages in emergency relief when necessary, its programmatic structure demonstrates a clear emphasis on holistic, long-term support designed to empower displaced individuals and communities.40 The consistent prioritization of Education, Livelihoods, MHPSS, and Reconciliation reflects a strategic vision that extends beyond meeting immediate survival needs. The goal, as stated in the mission, is to enable refugees to "heal, learn, and determine their own future" 41, indicating a focus on rebuilding lives, fostering resilience, and facilitating meaningful participation and integration, whether in host communities or upon potential return.

V. Society of St. Vincent de Paul (SSVP)

• A. Overview and Mission

• Identity: The Society of St. Vincent de Paul (SSVP) is a large, international voluntary organization composed primarily of lay Catholic members.7 It was founded in Paris, France, on April 23, 1833, by a group of young university students led by Blessed Frédéric Ozanam, with guidance from Sister Rosalie Rendu, a Daughter of Charity.59 The Society is named in honor of St. Vincent de Paul, a 17th-century priest renowned for his service to the poor, and considers itself part of the broader Vincentian Family of Catholic organizations.59

• Mission Statement: While not always explicitly stated in a single sentence, the core mission of the SSVP is twofold: the personal holiness and spiritual growth of its members achieved through direct, personal service to those in need, coupled with efforts in defense of social justice.7 The primary focus is the sanctification of members via person-to-person service to the poor.7

• Guiding Principles: The Society's work is deeply rooted in the Catholic tradition of the corporal works of mercy (feeding the hungry, clothing the naked, visiting the sick, etc.).7 Key values underpinning its actions include respect and love for one's neighbor, finding joy through the mission of service, practicing humility, and cultivating empathy towards those served.60 Friendship, both among members and with those they assist, is considered a primary value.61 The Society operates according to its own official Rule, which guides its structure and activities.62

• B. Key Activities and Programs

• Core Areas: The hallmark of the SSVP is its emphasis on direct, person-to-person service delivered at the local level, typically through parish-based groups known as "Conferences".4 Alongside this core activity, the Society engages in a variety of "Special Works" (larger projects) and participates in international solidarity efforts like emergency relief and "Twinning" partnerships.61

• Specific Programmatic Focus:

• Home Visits and Direct Aid: The traditional and fundamental work involves SSVP members (Vincentians) visiting individuals and families in their homes to understand their needs and provide direct assistance. This aid can take many forms, including providing food parcels, clothing, furniture, financial assistance with utility bills or rent, and offering friendship and spiritual support.4

• Special Works: Many SSVP Councils operate larger-scale social service programs tailored to community needs. These "Special Works" often include running food banks and soup kitchens, operating thrift stores (widely known as "Vinnies Shops" in some countries), managing shelters or housing programs for the homeless (e.g., Rosalie Court in Tasmania, De Paul Manor and Ozanam Manor in Arizona), providing employment services (especially for people with disabilities), and coordinating disaster relief efforts [7 (Phoenix), 66 (Arizona), 65].

• Twinning: This program establishes direct links between SSVP Conferences or Councils in more affluent countries and those in developing nations. The partnership involves providing regular financial support, prayer, and fostering solidarity and mutual understanding between the twinned groups.63

• Systemic Change Initiatives: While the primary focus is often direct relief, some SSVP bodies engage in efforts aimed at addressing the root causes of poverty. An example is the North Texas Council offering low-interest loan programs as an alternative to predatory lending.67

• Advocacy: Depending on the national context, SSVP Councils may engage in advocacy work, speaking out on issues related to poverty, homelessness, and social justice to influence public policy [66 (US National Council Public Policy Director), 65 (Tasmania advocating on housing)].

• Emergency Relief: The Society responds to natural disasters and humanitarian crises, both domestically and internationally. International emergency aid is often coordinated through the Commission for International Aid and Development (CIAD), which can release initial funds rapidly. Examples include support following the tsunami in Tonga and assistance provided in Ukraine (often in partnership with other Vincentian Family organizations like DePaul International).63

• Spiritual Formation: Integral to the SSVP's identity is the ongoing spiritual development of its members. Activities include prayer meetings, reflections, and formation programs focused on Vincentian spirituality and service.59

• C. Global Reach and Operational Scope

• Presence: The SSVP has an extensive global network, with an active presence reported in over 150 countries across all continents.59

• Scale: The Society represents a massive grassroots movement, comprising approximately 800,000 active members and an additional 1.5 million volunteers worldwide.59 It estimates that its collective efforts help over 30 million people daily through various forms of assistance.60 While aggregating global financials is inherently complex due to its structure, the International Council General reported a global investment in social assistance of €1.49 billion in 2023.61 Specific international aid coordinated by CIAD involved grants totaling €496,350 to 28 countries in 2022.64 National and local figures illustrate scale within specific regions; for example, the SSVP in the Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston served 118,000 people with $12.2 million in direct aid in 2024.68 The US National Council provides organizational support to its constituent Councils and Conferences.66

• D. Notable Projects and Impact (Illustrative Examples)

• Local Conference Work: The most significant impact of the SSVP lies in the cumulative effect of the countless acts of personal service and direct aid provided daily by its thousands of local Conferences around the globe. This hyper-local, relationship-based assistance is the core of its work.4

• Housing Initiatives: Various SSVP Councils have undertaken significant projects to address homelessness and housing affordability. Examples include the development of 'Rosalie Court' social housing in Smithton, Tasmania 65, and the operation of specialized residences like De Paul Manor (for seniors/disabled) and Rosalie's Place (workforce housing) by SVdP Arizona.69 SVdP Arizona's "Housing 2025" initiative successfully rehoused over 2,025 people experiencing homelessness ahead of schedule.69

• Thrift Stores ("Vinnies Shops"): These are a widespread and visible form of SSVP "Special Work." They serve a dual purpose: providing affordable clothing and household goods to the community and generating revenue that funds the Society's charitable activities.65

• Emergency Medical Equipment Bank (Goa, India): This project, highlighted by the International Council General, exemplifies how local SSVP groups identify and respond to specific unmet needs within their communities by providing tangible resources.61

• International Twinning and CIAD Projects: Through these mechanisms, SSVP facilitates international solidarity, enabling Conferences in developed nations to directly support the work of their counterparts in developing countries, funding local development projects, assisting students, and providing emergency relief.63

• E. Organizational Structure and Funding Insights

• Structure: The SSVP is fundamentally a lay Catholic organization.59 Its basic operational unit is the "Conference," which is typically associated with a local Catholic parish.7 Conferences are grouped into geographically based Councils (e.g., District, Diocesan, Archdiocesan) [67 (Phoenix Diocesan Council), 71]. These Councils may, in turn, form Regional or National Councils (e.g., State Council in Tasmania 65, National Council of the United States 66, National Council of Canada 72). The entire international network is coordinated and governed by the International Council General (Conseil Général International - CGI), headquartered in Paris, France.61 The CGI provides overall direction, promotes unity, oversees international programs like Twinning and CIAD (Commission for International Aid and Development), and ensures adherence to the Society's Rule.60 While maintaining close links with the Catholic Church hierarchy, the SSVP is legally autonomous in its constitution, organization, and internal governance in most countries.60

• Funding: Reflecting its decentralized structure, SSVP funding is also highly localized. Individual Conferences typically raise funds through collections within their local parish, direct donations from the community, and sometimes revenue generated from Special Works like thrift stores.7 Councils at various levels may conduct broader fundraising campaigns or receive grants.65 International aid programs like Twinning rely on direct financial commitments from participating Conferences/Councils, while CIAD projects are supported by contributions to the international Fund for International Solidarity (FIS) and direct donations from national councils.64 While the estimated €1.49 billion global investment figure 61 indicates substantial overall resources, aggregating precise financial data across the entire decentralized network remains a challenge.72 Financial reports are typically available at the National Council level (e.g., US 74) and for international bodies like CIAD.64

• The highly decentralized nature of the SSVP, built upon local, parish-based Conferences 4, is both its greatest strength and a significant operational characteristic. It allows for unparalleled grassroots reach, intimate knowledge of local needs, and the fostering of personal relationships central to its mission of service.59 However, this same decentralization makes standardized reporting and the aggregation of comprehensive global data on funding, activities, and impact inherently difficult.4 It can also lead to variations in the capacity, resources, and types of services offered by different Conferences and Councils across the world. The International Council General plays a crucial role in providing unity and guidance, but operational control largely resides at the local level.

• A defining characteristic of the SSVP, distinguishing it from many other charitable organizations (including some faith-based ones), is its explicit dual focus: service to the poor is intrinsically linked to the spiritual growth and personal sanctification of its lay members.7 This internal spiritual objective is not secondary but fundamental to the Society's identity and purpose. It shapes the nature of its activities, emphasizing personal encounter and relationship-building ("friendship" 61) in service, rather than solely focusing on efficient aid delivery as an end in itself. This Vincentian charism places the member's spiritual journey alongside the material and spiritual well-being of the person being served.

VI. Malteser International

• A. Overview and Mission

• Identity: Malteser International serves as the primary international humanitarian relief agency of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, a Catholic lay religious order with a 900-year history dedicated to serving the poor and the sick.7 While its roots lie in the foreign aid service of Malteser Germany (founded 1953), the current entity, Malteser International, was formally developed in 2005 and operates with the status of an independent registered association (in Germany) since 2013.78

• Mission Statement: The core mission of Malteser International is "to improve the health and living conditions of suffering and displaced people worldwide".77 This work directly fulfills the historic mission of the Order of Malta: "serving the poor and the sick”.76 The organization's vision is to contribute to a world where all individuals, especially those in greatest need and those who are displaced, can live a life characterized by health and dignity.77

• Guiding Principles: Malteser International's operations are grounded in Christian values and adhere strictly to the core humanitarian principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality, and independence.77 Aid is provided based on need, without distinction of gender, political belief, origin, or faith.77 The agency emphasizes a commitment to high standards of innovation, professionalism, quality assurance, and transparency in its work.77

• B. Key Activities and Programs

• Core Areas: Malteser International implements programs across a range of humanitarian sectors, with a particularly strong emphasis on Health. Other core areas include Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH); Emergency Relief in response to disasters and conflicts; Food Security and Nutrition; Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and Climate Change Adaptation; provision of Shelter and Non-Food Items (NFIs); Livelihoods support; and Protection activities.75

• Specific Programmatic Focus:

• Health: This is the predominant focus area for Malteser International. Programs include providing primary healthcare services, specialized maternal and child health care, mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS), initiatives to combat infectious diseases (such as Tuberculosis, Ebola, Cholera, and Malaria), and strengthening local health facilities.75 Health programs accounted for a significant 40.4% of the total project volume in 2022.85 The organization utilizes a "One Health" approach, recognizing the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health.75 Examples include projects improving emergency medical services in Kenya and Uganda 75, providing comprehensive healthcare for displaced populations in Syria 75, and running health centers in refugee camps in Bangladesh 79 and Thailand.75

• WASH (Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene): Malteser International implements projects to ensure access to clean drinking water, construct sanitation facilities, and promote hygiene practices, recognizing WASH as critical for public health.75 WASH projects represented approximately 15% of the total program volume in 2022.85 An example is the provision of WASH services within the Rohingya refugee camps in Bangladesh.79

• Emergency Relief: The agency maintains a strong capacity for rapid response to acute crises, deploying experts and resources following natural disasters (earthquakes, floods, droughts, hurricanes) and during humanitarian emergencies caused by conflict or displacement.75 Recent examples include emergency relief operations in Gaza 75, response to the Myanmar/Thailand earthquake 75, ongoing support related to the war in Ukraine 75, and response efforts following the earthquake in Syria/Türkiye.83

• Food Security & Nutrition: Programs aim to combat hunger and malnutrition, with a particular focus on vulnerable groups like pregnant women, lactating mothers, and young children.75 Examples include projects addressing childhood malnutrition in Haiti 76, supporting food security in South Sudan 75, and working with malnourished populations among Venezuelan migrants in Colombia.82

• Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) & Climate Change Adaptation: Malteser International works with communities to strengthen their resilience against future disasters and adapt to the impacts of climate change through preventative measures and capacity building.75 Examples include helping indigenous communities in Colombia adapt to climate variability 82 and conducting research on disability-inclusive DRR practices.86

• Livelihoods & Development: Programs support sustainable income generation, poverty reduction, and the strengthening of civil society partners.76 A notable example is the multi-country "Womenpreneurs4Plastic" project in Asia, which simultaneously addresses plastic waste management and creates economic opportunities for women.80

• C. Global Reach and Operational Scope

• Presence: Malteser International implements a significant number of projects annually across multiple continents. Reports indicate around 100 to 145 projects per year operating in approximately 30 to 37 countries.7 Key regions served include Africa, the Americas, Asia, the Middle East, and Europe.75 Specific countries where Malteser International has active or recent projects include Cameroon, DR Congo, Nigeria, South Sudan, Uganda, Colombia, Haiti, Mexico, Peru, Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, Türkiye, Ukraine, and Germany.75

• Scale: The organization reaches millions of people annually through its programs: 5.6 million people were reached in 2023 75, and 4.3 million in 2022.83 It employs a substantial international workforce of over 1,000 staff members globally, working in project countries and support offices.83 Financially, Malteser International Europe reported total revenues of €95.4 million in 2022 85, while the affiliated Malteser International Americas managed a program volume of €11.4 million in the same year.83

• D. Notable Projects and Impact (Illustrative Examples)

• Health Programs in Refugee Camps (Bangladesh, Thailand): Malteser International provides vital health services, including primary care, maternal and child health, and psychosocial support, within some of the world's largest refugee camps, addressing the critical health needs of displaced Rohingya and other refugee populations.75

• Emergency Response Operations (Gaza, Ukraine, Myanmar/Thailand Earthquake): The organization has demonstrated its capacity for rapid deployment in major recent crises, delivering essential medical aid, clean water, sanitation support, and other critical supplies to populations affected by conflict and natural disasters.75

• Comprehensive Programs in Colombia: Since 2014, Malteser International has maintained a long-term presence in northern Colombia, implementing integrated programs focusing on health, food security, and climate change adaptation for vulnerable populations, including indigenous communities, Afro-Colombians, those affected by internal conflict, and Venezuelan refugees/migrants. Specific initiatives include training traditional midwives and facilitating dialogue to improve indigenous communities' access to formal healthcare systems.75

• Syria Crisis Response: In response to the protracted crisis and the devastating 2023 earthquake, Malteser International provides comprehensive support, including operating health facilities, implementing WASH activities in IDP camps, running cholera treatment units, supporting income generation, providing psychosocial assistance, and distributing food aid.75

• "Womenpreneurs4Plastic" Project (Asia): This innovative multi-country project tackles the environmental challenge of plastic waste while empowering women economically by creating local structures for waste collection, recycling, and related income-generating activities.80

• E. Organizational Structure and Funding Insights

• Structure: Malteser International functions as the dedicated international humanitarian aid agency operating under the umbrella of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.75 Although it evolved from the German Malteser aid service, it has operated as an independent registered association (eingetragener Verein) under German law since 2013.78 Its organizational structure includes a General Secretariat located in Cologne, Germany, which serves as the main operational hub, and a regional headquarters for the Americas based in New York City.78 The membership of Malteser International comprises 27 national associations and priories of the Order of Malta, which support the agency's work within their respective jurisdictions.78 Malteser International Americas (MI Americas) is a legally distinct but affiliated entity based in the United States.76 The organization is led by an Executive Board, including a Secretary General (Clemens Graf von Mirbach-Harff) and a President (Thierry de Beaumont-Beynac).78

• Funding: Malteser International's funding comes from a variety of sources. A significant portion is derived from public sector grants, particularly from the German Federal Government, but also from the European Union, United Nations agencies, and the U.S. government. Other major funding streams include private donations from individuals, support from the international network of Order of Malta associations, contributions from fundraising coalitions (like Aktion Deutschland Hilft in Germany and Nachbar in Not in Austria), and grants from foundations, corporations, and other non-governmental organizations.79 The 2022 financial report for Malteser International Europe showed €66.4 million from public grants (out of €95.4M total revenue), €18.4 million from donations and the Order network, €9.6 million from coalitions, and approximately €1 million from other sources.85

• Efficiency: The organization states its commitment to transparency and the efficient, goal-oriented use of all entrusted funds.77 It publishes independently audited financial reports annually.85 The 2022 financial data indicated that out of €87.6 million in total expenditures for MI Europe, €82.4 million was spent on project activities, with management and administrative costs maintained at approximately €4 million, suggesting a high program spending ratio.85

• Malteser International distinctly benefits from its integral relationship with the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.76 This connection provides more than just a name; it offers access to a global network built over centuries, potential diplomatic advantages in certain operational contexts due to the Order's unique status, and a well-established reputation grounded in the Order's long history of charitable work. This heritage and network likely facilitate partnerships, access, and operational effectiveness in ways distinct from NGOs lacking such a deep-rooted, quasi-diplomatic affiliation. Funding explicitly comes from the "international Order of Malta network," indicating tangible support.85

• While Malteser International engages in multiple humanitarian sectors, its programmatic portfolio demonstrates a particularly strong and consistent emphasis on health-related interventions.75 This focus directly reflects and continues the historical charism of the Order of Malta, which originated with the mission to care for the sick and pilgrims.76 Health programming constituted the largest single share of its project volume in 2022 (40.4%) 85, underscoring its centrality to the organization's identity and operational priorities.

Comparative Overview and Key Themes

The six organizations profiled—Caritas Internationalis, Catholic Relief Services (CRS), Aid to the Church in Need (ACN), Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS), the Society of St. Vincent de Paul (SSVP), and Malteser International—collectively represent a significant portion of the global Catholic Church's organized charitable outreach. While all draw inspiration from Catholic Social Teaching and a shared faith commitment, they exhibit considerable diversity in their origins, structures, primary missions, operational scales, and funding models.

Table 1: Comparative Overview of Major International Catholic Charities

Feature

Caritas Internationalis

Catholic Relief Services (CRS)

Aid to the Church in Need (ACN)

Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS)

Society of St. Vincent de Paul (SSVP)

Malteser International

Founding Year

1951 8

1943 3

1947 24

1980 43

1833 59

2005 (current form) 78

HQ Location

Vatican City 8

Baltimore, MD, USA (implied)

Königstein, Germany 27

Rome, Italy 44

Paris, France 66

Cologne, Germany & New York, USA 78

Structure Type

Global Confederation 8

USCCB Agency 3

Pontifical Foundation 24

Jesuit Org. / Vatican Foundation 42

International Lay Movement 59

Order of Malta Agency 77

Primary Mission Focus

Broad Humanitarian Aid, Development, Social Service, Advocacy 1

Assist Impoverished Overseas, Promote Life/Dignity 3

Support Persecuted/Suffering Christians (Pastoral/Spiritual) 24

Accompany, Serve, Advocate for Refugees/Displaced 41

Member Sanctification via Personal Service to Poor 59

Improve Health/Living Conditions of Suffering/Displaced 77

Global Reach (Countries)

200+ (via 162 members) 8

121 (FY23) 22

138 (2023) 34

58 (2023) 54

150+ 59

37 (2023) 75

People Served (Annual)

Coordinates aid reaching millions (e.g., 2M via appeals 2022) 11

210 million (FY23) 19

Supports projects/individuals (e.g., 40k priests '22) 31

1.2 million (2023) 47

30+ million daily (est.) 60

5.6 million (2023) 75

Annual Revenue/Exp. (Approx. Latest)

Member-based; Int'l Appeals €81M ('22) 11

~$1.46B / $1.49B (FY23) 18

~$211M funded projects (2023) 34

~$110M (Global est. '22/'23) 47

Highly decentralized; €1.49B global investment est. ('23) 61

~$106M (Europe '22 + Americas '22) 83

Primary Funding Sources

Member Orgs, Donations (Mixed via members) 4

Mixed (80.5% Public - USG; 19.5% Private) 18

Private Donations Only 24

Mixed (Govt, Jesuit, Religious, Foundations, Private) 47

Decentralized (Local Donations, Stores, Twinning) 7

Mixed (Public Grants - esp. German, Order Network, Donations) 85

Key Activity Areas

Emergency Relief, Development, Food Security, Advocacy 2

Emergency, Agriculture, Education, Health, WASH 16

Clergy/Religious Support, Construction, Emergency Aid, Advocacy 24

Education, MHPSS, Livelihoods, Reconciliation, Advocacy 40

Direct Aid (Home Visits), Special Works (Stores, Housing), Twinning 7

Health (Primary), WASH, Emergency Relief, Food Security, DRR 75

Note: Financial figures are approximate and based on latest available reports (primarily FY2022 or FY2023). People served figures vary in definition (direct beneficiaries vs. total reach). Structure types are simplified categories.

Several key themes emerge from this comparative analysis:

• Diversity within Unity: The organizations demonstrate a remarkable spectrum of approaches under the common banner of Catholic charity. They range from the confederated, coordinating model of Caritas Internationalis to the agency structure of CRS tied to a national bishops' conference, the focused Pontifical Foundation status of ACN, the specialized service of JRS rooted in a religious order, the vast lay movement of SSVP, and the humanitarian arm of the ancient Order of Malta (Malteser International). Each draws inspiration from CST but translates it into distinct operational priorities and methods.

• Scale and Reach: Collectively, these organizations represent an enormous global force for humanitarian aid and development. Their combined reach extends to hundreds of millions of people across virtually every nation on Earth, making the Catholic Church, through these and countless other entities, arguably the largest non-governmental provider of social services worldwide.4

• Decentralization vs. Centralization: A recurring structural theme is the contrast between highly decentralized networks (Caritas, SSVP) and more centralized agency models (CRS, ACN, JRS, Malteser). Decentralization facilitates unparalleled grassroots presence and local adaptation but poses challenges for global data aggregation, standardized reporting, and potentially rapid, large-scale, centrally coordinated responses.4 Centralized models may allow for more streamlined operations and reporting but might lack the same depth of embedded local presence inherent in the confederated or lay movement structures.

• Funding Diversification and Autonomy: The organizations employ varied funding strategies. CRS leverages substantial public funding, primarily from the US government, enabling massive scale but potentially influencing program parameters.18 ACN deliberately avoids government funding, ensuring independence for its specific pastoral mission but operating at a different financial scale.24 Others like JRS and Malteser International utilize a mix of public grants, private donations, and support from their associated religious networks (Jesuits, Order of Malta).47 SSVP relies heavily on decentralized, local fundraising.7 These choices impact organizational autonomy, potential reach, and program focus.

• Integration with Church Structures: The organizations exhibit varying degrees of formal integration with official Church structures. CRS is directly linked to the USCCB 3, ACN is a Pontifical Foundation 24, JRS is an expression of the Society of Jesus 42, and Malteser International is the agency of the Order of Malta.77 Caritas operates as a confederation of national Catholic organizations 8, and SSVP is primarily a lay movement with close ties to local parishes.60 These connections provide access, legitimacy, and operational platforms through existing Church networks.

• Faith Motivation: Despite their diverse structures and activities, a common thread uniting all these organizations is their explicit motivation rooted in Catholic faith and the principles of Catholic Social Teaching.1 Their work is consistently framed as a response to the Gospel call to serve the poor, uphold human dignity, and promote justice and charity.

Conclusion

The major international Catholic charitable organizations profiled in this report—Caritas Internationalis, Catholic Relief Services, Aid to the Church in Need, Jesuit Refugee Service, the Society of St. Vincent de Paul, and Malteser International—represent pillars of the Catholic Church's global commitment to humanitarian aid, development, and social justice. While diverse in their specific missions, organizational structures, and operational approaches, they collectively embody the principles of Catholic Social Teaching, reaching hundreds of millions of vulnerable individuals across the globe each year.

Their impact is vast, ranging from immediate life-saving assistance in emergencies and conflicts, to long-term development programs fostering education, health, and livelihoods, to specialized support for persecuted Christians and refugees, and grassroots personal service rooted in local communities. Driven by faith and manifested through a wide array of activities, these organizations leverage extensive networks, diverse funding streams, and dedicated personnel (both lay and religious) to address suffering and promote human dignity worldwide. Despite challenges related to coordination in decentralized networks or navigating complex funding environments, their enduring presence and significant contributions underscore the vital role Catholic charities play as major actors in the international humanitarian landscape, serving as tangible expressions of the Church's universal call to charity and service.